The microorganisms present in environment and human intestine consists of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, bacteriophages and viruses. To reduce the undesired side effects, advanced drug delivery systems are needed which are based on specific cell targeting vehicles. To overcome these problems microorganisms are used as carrier to deliver therapeutic agents and vaccines in human. This review focused on the development delivery system by using microbes like virus and bacteria in nanotechnology and vaccine. Bacterial ghost can be preferred as vaccine candidates due to excellent DNA loading capacity. Viruses hold great promise in assembling and interconnecting novel nanosized components, allowing developing organized nanoparticle assemblies. The use of nanoparticles in vaccine formulations allows not only improved antigen stability and immunogenicity, but also targeted delivery and slow release. Microparticulate carriers proposed extensive potential for drug and vaccine delivery via mucosal routes. Bioneedles are superior and alternative delivery system for vaccination.
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